Labaran Masana'antu

Gas Metal baka Welding (GMAW/MAG), Kasancewa mafi hadaddun matsayi na sararin samaniya da fasaha na ƙalubalanci nau'i na walda na fusion, yana buƙatar ƙoƙarin mayar da hankali don shawo kan tasirin nauyi akan tafkin walda. Yana da sauƙi ga lahani kamar ƙarfafawar walda mara yarda, ƙarƙashinyanke, Slag hadawa, porosity, da rashin fusion. Sassan da ke biyo baya suna tsara abubuwan fasaha da buƙatun kula da inganci donBabban Gas Metal Arc Weldingdaga fannonin shirye-shiryen tsari, haɓaka sigogi, dabarun aiki, da rigakafin lahani, samar da jagorar ƙwararru don daidaitaccen aikin walda.

Alloys na Titanium, masu mahimmanci a sararin samaniya, zurfin teku, da filayen kiwon lafiya, sun dogara da ainihin walda. Na farko, tsattsauran raƙuman ƙarfe na tushe (tare da kayan aikin bakin karfe, sannan acetone) da wayoyi; kiyaye taro gibba ~ 3mm, misalignment ≤10% na farantin kauri. Mahimmanci "Kariyar mataki uku" yana amfani da ≥99.99% argon: garkuwa baka (8-15 L / min), narkakken tafkin / tushen (10-15 L / min), da welds mai tsayi (20-25 L / min trailing flow) har zuwa ≤400 ° C. Don faranti na 3-10mm, yi amfani da 80-150A, 3.2mm tungsten lantarki, walƙiya da yawa; guje wa babban halin yanzu (yana haifar da haɓakar hatsin HAZ). Gwada walda da farko don bincika tafkunan ruwa na zurfafa-fararen azurfa da rigunan riguna kafin aikin tsari.

Don hana porosity a aluminum gami waldi, fara da zabar dace hanyoyin kamar TIG da MIG, wanda tabbatar da kyau weldability, sabanin juriya ko gas waldi. Daidaita sigogi na tsari: don TIG, saurin sauri da daidaitaccen halin yanzu yana rage ɗaukar hydrogen; don MIG, ƙananan gudun yana ba da damar guduwar hydrogen. Yi amfani da wutar AC don TIG (DC yana haifar da al'amura). Hakanan, tsaftataccen saman kayan abu, gami da fina-finai oxide, da amfani da iskar kariya mai tsafta don kiyaye iska.

Weld undercut, wani tsagi ko bakin ciki tare da yatsun walda wanda ya haifar da rashin daidaitattun sigogi na walda ko aiki, yana rage sashin giciye na tushe na ƙarfe kuma yana haifar da tattarawar damuwa ko fasa; yawanci yana faruwa ne a tsaye, a kwance, ko waldi na sama, wanda yake a matsayin na waje (buɗewar tsagi) ko na ciki (tsagi na ƙasa) a cikin ci gaba ko sifofi masu ɗan lokaci. Dalilai na yau da kullun sun haɗa da wuce kima na halin yanzu, dogayen baka, kusurwar lantarki mara daidai, motsi mara kyau, iskar garkuwa mara kyau, walƙiya mai girman girma, ko bugun baka. Don hana shi, inganta sigogi (ƙananan halin yanzu, guntun baka), daidaita ayyukan aiki (daidaitaccen matsayi, daidaita saurin tafiya), da haɓaka matakai (walƙiya da yawa, tsagi iri ɗaya daidai); don gyare-gyare, sarrafa shigarwar zafi da amfani da φ2.0-3.0mm electrodes don rufewa don tabbatar da haɗuwa da kauce wa fashewar hydrogen.

Mahimmin lahani na walda a cikin kayan aikin matsa lamba, tare da musabbabin su, mafita da rigakafin, an bayyana su anan. Wadannan lahani sun hada da porosity (daga damp waldi kayan ko najasa garkuwa gas), sanyi fasa (saboda hydrogen tarawa da quenching hali), zafi fasa, rashin Fusion, bai cika shigar azzakari cikin farji, da dai sauransu Magani unsa bushewa kayan, daidaita waldi sigogi, bayan dumama; rigakafin mayar da hankali a kan pre-tsabta workpieces, dace siga selection da welder horo. Picks an tanada: Matsakaicin farfajiya tare da fasa, rawar jiki na parci, mai canzawa, crack.

Ana amfani da Copper da kayan haɗin gwiwarsa a ko'ina cikin masana'antu daban-daban saboda kyakkyawan ingancin wutar lantarki da yanayin zafi. Koyaya, waldawar su tana ba da ƙalubale kamar haɗakarwa mai wahala da ke haifar da haɓakar yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi, babban yanayin fashewar zafi, da kuma matsalolin porosity. Masana'antu sun kafa hanyoyin warware matsalolin da ke magance waɗannan halaye: Game da hanyoyin waldawa, faranti na bakin ciki sun dace da waldawar gas ko tungsten inert gas arc waldi; matsakaici-kauri faranti suna da amfani ga narkewar lantarki gas mai kariya waldi ko waldawar katako na lantarki; Ana ba da shawarar faranti masu kauri don manyan hanyoyin ƙarfi kamar walƙiyar baka. Don kayan walda, na'urorin lantarki na musamman, wayoyi na walda, da filaye dole ne a daidaita su—alal misali, ana amfani da na'urorin lantarki na tagulla don waldawar tagulla, yayin da waldawar da ke da kariya ta iskar gas galibi tana amfani da gaurayawar argon ko argon-helium. Tsari-hikima, matakai masu mahimmanci ciki har da tsaftacewa kafin walda, kula da zafin jiki na zafin jiki, da rigakafin deoxidation an jaddada su don tabbatar da ingancin weld da aikin haɗin gwiwa. Waɗannan matakan fasaha suna ba da cikakken tallafi don amintaccen walda na tagulla da tagulla.

A high-karshen sinadaran da kuma likita kayan aikin masana'antu, da waldi ingancin 316L bakin karfe kai tsaye kayyade kayan aiki rayuwa. Sabbin ƙayyadaddun masana'antu sun bayyana mahimman wuraren sarrafawa guda bakwai:

1. Rashin Haƙuri don Gurɓatawa

   • Acetone tsaftacewa na 25mm weld yankin

   • Ayyukan kayan aiki da ke ware baƙin ƙarfe

2. Buƙatun Ƙarfe Mai Ƙarƙashin Carbon Filler

   • Waya ER316L kawai (C ≤ 0.03%) don rage haɗarin hankali

3. Kariyar Gas Dual-Garke

   • TIG: Pure argon

   • MIG: Haɗe-haɗe ta hanyar kimiyya (Ar/O₂/CO₂ ko Ar/N₂)

   • Azurfa-fari zuwa launin weld na zinari = ingancin ma'auni

4. Madaidaicin Ƙarfin shigar da zafi

   • Low halin yanzu + babban gudun + tagulla mai sanyaya baya

   • Matsakaicin zafin jiki ≤150°C

5. Farfadowar Fina-Finan Tilas

   • Acid pickling dawo Layer Cr₂O₃ mai kariya

   • Ƙuntataccen haramcin jinkirin sanyaya a ciki 425-860°C yankin wayar da kan jama'a

6. Ƙarshen Tsaro Daga Fuskokin Guba

   • P100 respirators + tilasta samun iska a kan Cr (VI).

Ijma'in Masana'antu:
*Sai kawai ta hanyar bin ƙa'idodin halaye guda 10 -*
"Tsaftace-Base, Gas-Guard, Low-Heat, Fast-Weld, Acid-Pass, Fume-Defense"
- za a iya cimma sifili mara lahani welds.

A lokacin walda na bakin karfe, weld dutsen ado launi yana daya daga cikin ainihin alamomin nuna ingancin walda. Canjin launi shine ainihin bayyanar bambance-bambance a cikin kauri da abun da ke tattare da fim din oxide da aka kafa a yanayin zafi mai zafi, mai alaƙa da zafin walda, shigarwar zafi, da tasirin kariya. Wannan labarin yana nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin zafin walda bayan waldawa da launi a cikin bakin karfe, haɗa ka'idodin kimiyyar kayan aiki tare da aikin injiniya, da kuma kafa tsarin kimanta inganci.

Kalubale na musamman a cikin walda ta Titanium Alloy
Alloys Titanium ana amfani da su sosai a sararin samaniya, injiniyan ruwa, da na'urorin likitanci saboda ƙarfinsu, juriyar lalata, da daidaituwar halittu. Duk da haka, haɓakar halayensu na sinadarai da hankali ga wuraren walda suna haifar da ƙalubale masu mahimmanci. Ayyukan da ba daidai ba na iya gabatar da ƙazanta (H, O, N), haifar da ɓarna, raguwar kayan inji, ko karaya. Wannan labarin ya tsara tsarin dabarun maɓalli bisa ga ma'auni masu izini (ASTM, ISO), yana ba da cikakken jagorar tsari daga ƙira zuwa sarrafa inganci.

Waldawar ingarma ƙwararriyar fasaha ce ta ɗaure a ko'ina a cikin masana'antu inda ƙarfi, gudu, da aminci ba za su iya yin sulhu ba. Wannan ingantaccen tsari yana haɗa studs, fils, ko fasteners kai tsaye zuwa kan ƙarfe na tushe ta amfani da makamashin lantarki mai sarrafawa, ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ɗigo, da haɗin gwiwa mara lalacewa. Ba kamar hakowa ko bolting ba,ingarma aikace-aikace waldikawar da buƙatun samun dama na baya da kuma kiyaye amincin kayan aiki. Mahimman sassan yin amfani da suingarma waldisun hada da:

Gina:Haɗa masu haɗin magudanar ruwa a cikin tarkace mai haɗaka da tsare tsarin facade.

Gina Jirgin Ruwa:Haɗa goyan bayan bututu, tiren kebul, da kuma rufewa ga ƙwanƙwasa.

Mota:Hawan layin birki, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, da datsa a kan chassis.

Makamashi:Shigar da fil ɗin rufin tukunyar jirgi da abubuwan da aka gyara.

Kayan aiki & HVAC:Gyara abubuwan ciki a cikin tanda, tukunyar jirgi, da ductwork.
Tare da fa'idodi kamar dacewa ta atomatik da juriya mafi girma,ingarma waldi mafitaya kasance ba makawa ga muhimman taruka na tsari da na inji a duk duniya.